P2C313: Association Between Diabetes and Fetal and Maternal Outcomes During and After Pregnancy- a Nationwide Study

Background: Diabetes affects both mother and fetus during the intrapartum and postpartum phases. Multiple studies have shown the prognostic impact of diabetes on maternal and fetal outcomes but data regarding rates of specific outcomes in inpatient samples during and after pregnancy are lacking. Therefore, the study aims to study the association between Diabetes and Fetal and Maternal Outcomes during and after pregnancy.

Methods: The total number of patients included in the study was 3,436,671. Out of them, 36,350 had diabetes. This retrospective study uses a Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2020 using International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes for adult females. STATA was used mainly for the analysis of inpatient sample data. Fischer's exact test was used to compare proportions, and the Student's t-test was used to compare continuous variables. Multivariate regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio.

Results: Patients with diabetes had longer hospital lengths of stay than non-diabetic patients (3.93 days vs. 2.5 days, p < 0.001) with an adjusted Odds ratio of 0.78.
Other significant outcomes were higher cost of hospital stay ($37079 vs. $23371, p < 0.001), increased rates of preeclampsia (7.17 vs. 2.02, p< 0.001), intrauterine fetal death (0.63 vs. 0.13, p < 0.001), stillbirth (2.89 vs. 0.75, p< 0.001), gestational hypertension (7.07 vs. 3.07, p < 0.001) and preterm labor (5.8 vs. 1.94, p< 0.001). There were no differences in the two groups regarding pre-existing hypertension, abortion, large for gestational age, eclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, postpartum anemia, postpartum hemorrhage, prolonged labor, and intrapartum hemorrhage. Results are depicted in table 1.

Conclusion: Diabetes is associated with greater maternal and fetal outcomes, resource utilization, and length of stay in the hospital compared to non-diabetics.